Fat Facts

Fats and oils no longer have the negative health connotations of the past. Scientific research now proves that ‘good’ fats and oils are an essential part of a balanced diet and plays many vital roles in optimising health. Many well-controlled studies over the past fifteen years have shown that the type, and to a lesser extent, the amount, of fats and oils in your diet affects your risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers and even obesity. As a consequence, many expert bodies have shifted their focus from trying to limit total fat intake to encouraging a moderate intake of ‘good’ fats.

For information on the different types of fats and oils click here.

The role of fats and oils in the body

Fats and oils are essential for growth and development throughout all life stages. They provide our bodies with energy for our work, daily activities and exercise, as well as essential vitamins. They also provide insulation and protection of our bones and joints. A detailed explanation of the role of fats and oils is below.

Fats and oils are high in energy

Fats and oils are the most concentrated form of energy, providing us with 37kJ of energy per gram of fat. For comparison, the energy content of one gram of carbohydrates is approximately half that of fat, at 17kJ.

Because fats and oils are high in energy, they help us meet our daily energy needs – this is particular important or babies and children who require extra energy for growth and development.

Fats and oils contain fat-soluble vitamins and nutrients

Vitamins are nutrients which are essential to health. The body cannot produce them and so they must be provided by the foods we eat each day. They are only needed in very small amounts but they perform many important functions in the body and a deficiency of some vitamins can lead to serious diseases.
Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins and are mainly obtained through eating foods containing fats and oils. Vegetables oils are a good source of vitamin E, while margarine spreads provide vitamins A and D.

Fats and oils provide essential fatty acids

Omega-3 and Omega-6 are two essential fatty acids which are needed to ensure good health. They cannot be made by the body and so must be provided by the foods we eat each day. A lack of these essential fats in the diet can lead to deficiency symptoms like dry and scaly skin, excessive thirst and impaired liver function.